Billing & change orders · Civil & infrastructure
Collect on every pay period without leakage.
The pay estimate runs on measured installed quantities, and force-account work needs daily labor and equipment tickets. A quantity undocumented the day it's placed bills at risk.
The reality
On a unit-price job, unmeasured work is unpaid work.
The PM reconciles the inspector's quantity book against the crew's, reconstructs force-account tickets from memory weeks later, submits a pay estimate that's short on documented quantities, and watches a change order sit in agency review while the work is already built and unpaid.
The operator compiles measured quantities against the bid schedule each period, documents force-account labor, equipment, and material daily, prepares the pay estimate to tie to the inspector's records, and tracks every change order through agency approval to payment.
How the operator runs billing & change orders
Pay est #5 · SR-114
measuring- Roadway excavation — 6,200 CY measured
- RCP installed — reconciled to inspector
- Aggregate base — verifying tons
01Compile quantities
Reconciles measured installed quantities against the bid schedule and the inspector's quantity book.
Force account FA-12 · SR-114
documenting- Labor hours by classification logged
- Equipment hours at agreed rates
- Material tickets — collecting for daily record
02Document force account
Builds the daily force-account record of labor, equipment, and material for extra work so nothing bills at risk.
Pay est #5 · Approval
tracking- Pay estimate submitted to agency
- CO 04 — approved
- CO 05 — agency review
03Track COs to payment
Prepares the pay estimate and follows each change order through agency approval to payment.
The outcome
Half the contractor-side days from work completed to a documented pay estimate submitted
Cash collected on every pay period.
- Quantities reconciled to the inspector before the estimate goes in
- Force account documented the day it's worked, not from memory
- Change orders tracked through agency review to payment
Common questions
Billing & change orders
- What does the Billing & change orders operator do?
- The operator compiles measured quantities against the bid schedule each period, documents force-account labor, equipment, and material daily, prepares the pay estimate to tie to the inspector's records, and tracks every change order through agency approval to payment.
- What impact does the Billing & change orders operator have?
- Half the contractor-side days from work completed to a documented pay estimate submitted. Cash collected on every pay period.
- How does the Billing & change orders operator work?
- Reconciles measured installed quantities against the bid schedule and the inspector's quantity book. Builds the daily force-account record of labor, equipment, and material for extra work so nothing bills at risk. Prepares the pay estimate and follows each change order through agency approval to payment.
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